Forex market attitudes to Australian PM candidates

Interestingly the Forex markets are signalling that Australia is confronting a bad choice of leaders - between two idiots to be sure. The NZD is surprisingly strong. I think the markets are anticipating a bad choice either way. Certainly there is no question that Gillard is dire news for the AUD in the short-medium term (say 0-5 years), whereas Abbot is the opposite I feel. Really its about the Gillard risk. The considerations are:

1. Resource Rent Tax - it will kill investment in the long term, but committed projects will continue. In the long term there will be balance of payments benefits in the Australian government receiving more money through extortion, but there will be a retained distaste in financial markets in the form of an interest rate risk premium for the extortion, and its surprise introduction.

2. Ideology - Gillard is a socialist who will invest long term in education. It will be inefficient spending, so considered a debasement of the currency value. Mind you? Any worse than Obama? The implication however is that wealth will unnecessarily be squandered.

3. Interest rates - I think both parties will have similar implications for interest rates - except for the Gillard 'tax premium' of say 0.25% x $750 billion of household debt for Australia. Basically they will have soft monetary policies because of the high housing debt, so they will let the exchange rate jump around with commodity prices and speculation about global economic growth.

4. Fiscal policy - Abbot could be expected to cut govt spending to repay debts.

Little surprise then that investors wanting AUD exposure are bidding up the NZD. Expect that disparity to correct after the election results.

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Andrew Sheldon www.sheldonthinks.com

AUD and NZD appear consolidating

The Australian (AUD) and New Zealand dollars (NZD) have recovered against the USD from their lows over the last week. There is more upside, but I would not expect it to last. There is really no basis for celebration in the coming months, so I would expect a series of short term rallies. The idea that low interest rates can stimulate the NZ and Australian economies is really false advertising. Since when is the answer to excess debt more debt. We will instead see more printing money, but give it time. In the meantime, its denial.
A stronger outlook for these economies can be expected when we see a recovery in food prices. Basically the problem with these two countries is that we need to see a lot of deleveraging. So we are not going to see a lot of spending by the private sector. Expect government public works. The farm sectors will fare the best, but they are just a smart part of the economy, but they will help the external account for both economies.
The NZD and AUD are likely to consolidate for a while. The John Keys Conservative government is saying the right things so I would expect foreign markets to be supportive of his government.

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Andrew Sheldon www.sheldonthinks.com

NZD outlook presents good investment prospects

The NZD is languishing at new lows of 49.5c to the USD. The question is - will it fall further to 40c, the hostoric low last reached in 2003 if I am not mistaken. At that time NZ was battling a bad current account deficit, much like today, and like today it was contending with a low commodity price outlook. In this context, one might expect the NZD to fall to 40c. The problem I have with this scenario is the weak outlook for the US economy. I am thinking we can expect a lot of monetary inflation in the US, but we might also expect some taxes on the rich and an energy tax. We need to remember that any slowdown is going to demand the government to raise taxes since Bush was engaged in tax reductions, now we are looking at tax increases.

The weak NZD is going to be a saviour for the NZ economy, and the prospect of NZ expatriates returning from abroad cashed up from offshore earnings is going to offer a stimulus of its own. I suspect a few Europeans and Americans might also be considering retirement in NZ, and some families will be changing their priorities, and deciding emigrating to NZ means more times for the kids. These are the dynamics which move a small nation like NZ. Falling NZ interest rates however suggest that we might just see the NZD move to 40c. As per normal, we should watch the market for some direction. Certainly the falls in equities are reason to think the NZD is not going to be a growth currency for some time. But perhaps you might consider buying property in NZ at this time. Economic malaise creates the best possible setting for contrarian investments. You can buy a house in NZ for as little as $NZ68,000 (USD35,000). This is a natural move for retirees, intellectuals, programmers and international explorers. In 5 years you will be able to sell any property investment at a higher exchange rate. More info here. Chart updates from Yahoo Finance.

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Andrew Sheldon www.sheldonthinks.com

AUD and NZD range trading at best

The AUD and NZD are likely to range trade for the next month, as the focus is on the EUR trade. There is still some play in the Yen, as it falls to the Y83-85 on weaker economic news out of the USA. We are going to see a weaker USD, and that I don't see adding either weakness or strength to the AUD or NZD. I would nevertheless expect a volatile AUD trading between 58c and 70c.

The NZD is likely to trade between 50c and 60c. I don't see any reason for a fall at this point to its historical level of 40c in the short term, though I can see that as a possibility in the longer term. The John Keys government is shaping up as a disappointment. A swear the guy is the illegitimate child of John Howard the way he is running policy at the moment. He must have been stillborn for the last 2 decades because he has learnt nothing, and he is fully against the trend. Counter-cyclical or just stupid? You be the judge.

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Andrew Sheldon www.sheldonthinks.com

NZD-USD set for rally to 57c

The NZD has fallen to the USD50c support as expected. The current does however remain in a downtrend. There is no hope of a reprieve from commodity prices in the short term, but it is evident from the short term chart that there is scope for a rally to 57c before the currency resumes its downtrend (and short term traders can take profits). If you are buying NZ property, which can be very cheap outside the cities, then I would suggest you take the opportunity to exchange currency on this future weakness. NZ has one of the most flexible foreign investment regulations in the world. There are 3 ways you can make money from property:

1. Capital growth - through market price fluctuations
2. Rental income - long term or holiday rentals, perhaps whilst using it in the off-season
3. Foreign exchange exposure - by trading volatile movements in the NZD
4. Value-add through improvements - whether DIY or outsourced
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Andrew Sheldon www.sheldonthinks.com

AUD-NZD breaks previous highs

The AUD is fairly strong at the moment due to the strong export revenues from coal, iron ore and gold, and metals in general. The agricultural commodities are also providing mixed support. This is one of the reasons why the AUD is strengthening against the NZD of late. The other reasons are the interest rate differential is opening up. NZ interest rates are showing signs of peaking and growing inflation pressures in Australia are prompting a desire by the RBA to increase rates. It therefore seems likely that the AUZ will sustain its premium over the NZD having breached the $1.25 historic cross rate, last reached in early 2006. Thats not to say I see the NZ central bank lowering rates significantly or at all. I think they have just as much need to worry as Australia. NZ'ers have never been good savers. Australia has a better track record on this statistic. So I do expect the AUD-NZD to continue its rise to about $1.33, but then I suggest there will be profit taking. This will have big implications for NZ in terms of investment - see here.

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Andrew Sheldon www.sheldonthinks.com

NZD makes sense as a carry trade

The NZD has been having a rally of late. If you focus on the negative press you might have thought otherwise about holding NZD. The reality is that a weak domestic economy is good for the NZD since it undermines credit growth and domestic consumption, which in turn reduces imports, whilst exports remain resilient. NZ has the benefit of being a food exporter, so it should benefit more in future as we see more general increases in the prices of food. NZ produces little oil so there is some basis for weakness there. NZ is not a great story, but if you are looking for a interest swap (yield) proposition it makes a lot of sense, whether as a carry trade.

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Andrew Sheldon www.sheldonthinks.com

The end of the carry trade

I see no sign that the carry trade will end soon, in fact I think its as strong as ever. The critical issues are:
1. Japan's growth prospects depend on local deregulation and/or immigration
2. Japan's interest rates are linked to its mercantilist trade policies - that will not die until the USA makes it an issue. It might well be a concerted effort by EU/USA that makes the difference given the recent strength of the Euro.

Based on the fact that there is no sign of change on these fronts, we can expect:
1. Japan to continue its mercantilist policy - Japanese interest rates to remain low
2. Japan to retain its subdued levels of economic growth

As long as Japan has interest rates at 0.5%-2%, we will continue to see carry trades. But the carry trade is not a single trade, rather a series of trades, in & out based on the performance of the respective currencies. It cannot be considered to be purely a AUD play, anymore than it canIf not in Australia then other countries. So buying JPY/AUD may only hurt if Australia does be considered a CAD$ or RSA play. Its all a matter of respective merit. You can be sure however that the AUD and NZD will feature highly because of their merits and high yields.

I see little possibility of the AUD being displaced by other currencies as a better 'carry'. There are not many candidates for the very reason that makes the AUD such a great trade. These are commodity exposure (RSA, Canada dont match), relatively free market, periodically big spenders (terms of trade implications), best China/India exposure (terms of trade implications), and commodity exposure (best worldwide).
I dont see Australia loosing this status because of China/India. I cant see Asia gaining it because they will be big savers for a long time, and they are prone to subsidise interest rates. I would suggest more likely you will see Japan end the carry trade. At some point Japan & China will be forced to drop the mercantilist trade policy they learned from Britain. I dare say it will take the USA to repudiate, or threaten to repudiate its debt before it does that. Really the USA doesn't even have to do that. The USA is holding tangible assets, Japan & China are holding paper that is becoming more worthless by the day. I think the USA wants a monetary crisis because its holding real assets. After that, you can expect a huge rally in the Yen, and alot of reform in Japan to deal with its lack of competitiveness. Its the kind of crisis Japan needs.

Actually probably the greatest rival to the AUD for the carry trade is likely to be the USA. The Fed is currently subsidising short term rates to delay the inevitable rise in interest rates in an election year. You can expect that the USA will lag on rate increases whereas Australia is having an early start because of the strength of its economy. The housing boom has ended in Australia, but alot of new investment is going into mineral export capacity, eg. nickel, coal, iron ore, natural gas, mostly being spent in WA. This investment in the short run will boost domestic demand, so the economic outlook remains strong, with investment offsetting a weak consumer sector being hurt by rising interest rates on home loans. I wonder the extent of variable home loan exposure in Australia. If there was high awareness of inflation then maybe Australian consumption might hold ok. At some point there will be a shift to the USD/JPY, but it will flow back to AUD/JPY when that mineral export capacity kicks back in. Remember the bulk commodities market remains tight. There is inflation, but this is no bust. There is no huge over-capacity, so any slowdown will be painful but it wont create a huge overghang of capacity for some time yet.
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Andrew Sheldon www.sheldonthinks.com

Dont ride off the NZ economy

I dont see an increase in the NZ overnight cash rate. Dont see 50bp rise, more likely they will hold, with a 15% chance of a 0.25% increase. On the negative side (in favour of rate increase):
1. New Zealanders dont save
2. Need to rein in credit creation in an inflationary setting (ie. real rates are lower)
3. Growing inflationary outcomes worldwide - but not recognised by the Fed
4. Central banks are generally not inclined to make big steps unless they want their impact to resonate. A 0.5% would kill off the economy when there are strengths emerging.
5. New Zealand farmers are already being punished by a strong dollar and rising costs

On the positive side:
1. Previous rate rises are already having an impact
2. The outlook for NZ exports (food in particular) is very good
3. NZ is principally a food exporterYou watch food prices take off over the next few years.
4. The carry trade remains in place
5. Softer global ecoonomy

The good news is that this will restore earnings to farmers who have until now been struggling under low prices, high fuel/fertiliser costs and rising interest rates. I think we will increasingly see the corporatisation of farms globally in this period. The consequence of this will be:
1. Acquisition or merging of farm interests around the world by corporate players for subsequent listing on the stock exchange.
2. Amalgamation of farm holdings under a few very large companies with interests that integrate farming, processing and retailingHopefully farmers will see what is happening and not sell off the farm too cheaply. Fortunately they are already benefiting from an oversupply of credit. But you can expect corporates will pay even more for properties IF they can generate an income.

Why will this happen?
1. Because farm prices have lagged the increases in other commodity prices. Just look at the components of the CRB Index. See www.crbtrader.com.
2. Because its a global trend - towards greater global integration - and it makes particular sense in agriculture because farms are under-capitalised, often lacking the benefits of skilled technical resources, climates are shifting around the world because of the 'natural' heating and redistribution of rainfall.
3. Because where there is money there are investment bankers
4. Because farming is no longer a lifestyle - its a business and deregulation has globalised the agri-market
5. Because the use of farm produce in biofuels will lift demand, along with growing demand for agri-products in emerging markets (eg. China, India) as diets change.
6. Corporate entities want to increase market share
7. Corporate entities are comfortable operating in multiple jurisdictions
8. Corporate entities want to diversify operations to preserve stable earnings as well as offering segmental market focal advantages

The leaders in this process are likely to be:
1. Investment bankers, eg. Rand Merchant Bank, Macquarie Bank, Elders
2. Resource-retailers, eg. Wesfarmers, Woolworths looking for vertical integration
3. Some more wealthy and commrcially astute farmers
4. Existing listed agricuktural companies, eg. Australian Agricultural Co (ASX.AAC), Australian Wheat Board (ASX.AWB), etc.

Its actually interesting to see how events transpire because currently farmers are being squeezed by rising costs, stronger currencies, low prices, and even droughts in some markets. This is why I think we are starting to see take overs of agricultural assets, eg. Namoi Cotton in Australia. Who is next? Dont forget the baby boomers sitting on productive (but small) farms are likely to be considering selling off in preparation for retirement. They will be looking at the relatively high prices for land and saying its too hard, my kids are not interested in farming, its time to sell-up and move to the coast and retire on a waterfront. Farmers looking to expand their interests will be in acquisition mode. Other targets are likely to be farmers reeling from drought, low prices or hedge contracts that went wrong. This is all fertile ground for the investment banker.

So looking at the NZ dollar....we need to consider:
1. Central banks need to control inflation
2. Loss of competitiveness of a strong NZD
3. Weakness of NZD due to a subdued global economy (USD)
4. The seeming intent of the Fed to push for lower interest rates - forcing the hand of the European Central Bank (ECB) to follow suit, or again sustaining the unhealthy US economy
5. Weakness of the NZD if the Japanese carry trade unwinds

I dont see the Reserve Bank of NZ increasing rates at this time....I see it holding current rates. If the ECB follows the Fed, and there is another cycle of easing rates, the NZ will remain strong, undermining any need for a rate rise and the NZD will anyway be supported by stronger exports. If the ECB doesnt follow the Fed, and the Fed waits (as I expect), then we can expect the status quo (thats short term trading conditions...you needing to sell into rallies). Eventually of course inflaiton will unwind the carry trade.

- Andrew Sheldon www.sheldonthinks.com